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Other factors that are essential to think about when selecting a forklift are the stroke and lift capacity. Lift capacity is defined as the supportable, maximum load or force. Stroke is defined as the difference between fully raised and fully lowered lift positions.
Some of the other important specifications for the forklift are fuel type and tire type. The available fuel choices include: LP or liquid propane, natural gas, CNG or compressed natural gas, electricity, propane, diesel or gasoline.
There are two basic kinds of tires used for fork trucks and forklifts: pneumatic and solid. The cushion or solid tires need less maintenance compared to pneumatic tires and do not puncture easily. Pneumatic or air-inflated tires provide load cushioning and great drive traction. At the end of the day, solid or cushion tires provide less shock absorption.
There are 5 classes of forklifts in general. Class I forklifts are defined as electric-motor rider trucks. They are either seated 3-wheel units or stand-up operator units. The rider units are counterbalanced and may use cushion or pneumatic tires. Class II forklifts are electric motor forklifts for narrow aisle or order picking or inventory stock applications.
Class III forklifts are either standing-rider or walk-behind operated electric-motor trucks. Typically, high lift models, together with automated pallet lift-trucks are often counterbalanced. Class IV forklifts are rider fork trucks that have cabs and seated controls. This class has internal combustion or IC engines and cushion or solid tires.
Class V forklifts are defined as rider fork trucks. They come outfitted with seated controls and cabs, and pneumatic tires. Similar to Class IV forklifts, they are usually counterbalanced. Class VI forklifts are sit-down rider tow tractor lifts. Normally, they are powered by internal combustion or electric engines.
Generally used on rough terrain are Class VII forklifts. These machines are usually used in agriculture, construction and in logging environments. Lastly, Class VIII forklifts include all burden and personnel carriers.
The best way to ensure safe forklift operation is to require every worker to go to a forklift training program.
The basics of using a forklift should be learned by all the employees. Safety information must be provided in the form of handouts, and posted in posters and warning signs. The following are some vital forklift safety and training tips:
1) Each employee must be licensed to use a forklift. Never take risks with such huge machinery. Forklift training must be taken very seriously.
2) Forklift operators must always utilize seat belts. Just because the forklift moves slowly doesn't mean that seat belts could be disregarded. Accidents are less likely to cause personal injuries when seat belts are worn.
3) Establish a system for workers to report instances of damage or mechanical problems. As the employer, you must create an efficient and effective reporting system that is really easy to figure out. Workers should be trained properly in forklift basics so that they can detect and report problems when they occur.
4) Training staff to lean away from the turn, and stay in the cab even when there is a chance of overturning is very important. Workers should not jump out. That's the best way to prevent serious injury.
5) Employees have to be trained to know a forklift's weight capacity limit. A major cause of forklift accidents is related to tip overs caused by lifting too big a load. Workers must be well aware of how much they could safely lift. A tip over could damage the whole forklift. Overloading is the biggest safety mistake a worker could make.
