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The base of the tower crane is usually bolted to a big concrete pad which provides very crucial support. The base is attached to a mast or a tower and stabilizes the crane that is attached to the inside of the structure of the building. Usually, this attachment point is to a concrete lift or to an elevator shaft.
Typically, the mast is a triangulated lattice structure measuring 10 feet square or 0.9m2. The slewing unit is connected to the very top of the mast. The slewing unit is made of a motor and a gear that enable the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet, while the minimum lifting capacity of a tower crane is 16,642 kg or thirty nine thousand six hundred ninety pounds with counter weights of 20 tons. Furthermore, two limit switches are used in order to ensure the driver does not overload the crane. There is even another safety feature known as a load moment switch to ensure that the operator does not surpass the ton meter load rating. Last of all, the tower crane has a maximum reach of 70 meters or two hundred thirty feet.
Due to their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure would first have to be transported to the construction site by utilizing a huge tractor-trailer rig setup. After that, a mobile crane is utilized so as to assemble the equipment part of the jib and the crane. These parts are then attached to the mast. The mobile crane next adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes can be a few of the other industrial machinery that is commonly utilized to erect a crane.
When the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height could match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is called a top climber or a climbing frame that fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit can detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are used to adjust the slewing unit up an additional twenty feet or 6.1m. Next, the driver of the crane utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into position another mast part piece.
Operating a Regular Counterbalance Forklift
1 Prior to utilizing the machine, perform a pre-shift inspection. OSHA guidelines do state that pre-shift checklists have to be performed every day or every shift. Every different machinery and its attachments has its own checklist listing lights, emergency brakes, brakes, steering, horn, controls and safety features.
2 Start up the equipment and check controls. First ensure your seatbelt is fastened and the seat is firmly in place and adjusted for your comfort. Look under the equipment after you move it for any indications of leaks. The operation of every kind of forklift is different.
3 Don't forget differences in the basics of forklift operation compared to a standard vehicle. The rear end swing of the forklift occurs because of the fact that the truck steers using its rear wheels. Disregarding this detail is a main cause of accidents and injuries to employees. The almost ninety-degree turn from the front wheels should be done with utmost care. These top-heavy equipment have a high center of gravity even without a load. When transporting or lifting a load this top-heaviness is exacerbated.
4 Keep forks close to the floor when traveling. Utilize caution when approaching loads. Be certain the forks line up correctly with the pallet. Lift the load only as high as is necessary, tilting it back to help stabilize the machine. Only drive backwards if the load is very bulky that it obstructs the vision of the driver.
5 Check the wheels on trailers/trucks before loading and unloading. Do not travel on inclines, particularly when carrying a load. The machine is prone to tip-overs on an incline. When driving on a slope is necessary, always drive up the slope and back down. The load should be kept on the uphill side of the truck.
6 The forklift driver should always be in firm control at all times. Tipping over is the main cause of operator injuries. The operator must never try to jump out of the truck in the event of a tip-over. The safest method is to lean away from the direction of fall while holding the steering wheel and bracing your feet.