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Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet, while the minimum lifting capacity of a tower crane is 16,642 kg or 39,690 lbs. with counter weights of 20 tons. Furthermore, two limit switches are used to be able to ensure the operator does not overload the crane. There is also another safety feature called a load moment switch to ensure that the operator does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Finally, the tower crane has a maximum reach of two hundred thirty feet or seventy meters.
There is definitely a science involved with erecting a tower crane, specially because of their extreme heights. At first, the stationary structure has to be transported to the construction location by utilizing a big tractor-trailer rig setup. Then, a mobile crane is used so as to assemble the equipment part of the crane and the jib. These sections are then attached to the mast. After that, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes could be some of the other industrial machinery which is usually used to erect a crane.
When the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height could match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is called a climbing frame or a top climber which fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are used to adjust the slewing unit up an additional twenty feet or 6.1m. After that, the driver of the crane utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into place another mast section piece.
A "loaded container" by definition is a container other than in the empty or tare condition, in reference to container handling. Unless otherwise confirmed, containers must be treated as loaded. In order to maintain safety, when handling or securing containers, environmental conditions such as wind should be taken into account. The word loaded refers to the maximum gross weigh rating of the container. To be able to make sure that the centre of gravity is kept as central and low as possible, the cargo should be distributed throughout the container.
Having an equally distributed load it is beneficial to prevent lack of vehicle stability, and excessive tilting, so as to maintain safety. A load which is even helps to prevent unacceptable load concentrations, and unacceptable vehicle axle loading.
The eccentricity of the center of gravity varies, with the load distribution in the container. It is extremely essential that the designers of handling machines and containers take this into account in the engineering process. For example, when 60% of the load by mass is distributed in 50% of the length of the container measured from one end of the equipment, the eccentricity corresponds to five percent.
In order to make sure that the machinery utilized is right for the cargo, care has to be taken to make sure it is safely attached to the container and that the container is free to be handled. Specific attention needs to be paid to the possibility of the container tilting due to the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When raising any container whose centre of gravity is mobile or eccentric, like for instance a bulk container, a tank container or a container with a liquid bulk bag or a thermal container with a refrigerating unit, either integral or clip on, or any container with a hanging load, great care must be taken when lifting these.
